Armed Forces of Malta

Maps of measurement in the engines of the type of fault detection nvd 36, nvd 36-I: developed on the basis of proprietary design drawings, operating instructions for the engine, an album of drawings of spare parts is available from the Baltic TSPKB and practice operation and maintenance of these engines. Cards contain information on the measurement of nominal and maximum allowable contributions in service and gaps in the ship's machinery and engine parts. In addition, given the individual specific instructions on how to perform fault detection, background size, etc. In determining data gaps and wear with the release of the main engine or marine diesel generator of maintenance should be follow the instruction on the definition of the technical condition of ships. approved by order of the Minister of the Navy from number 58 26.03.62g. At 24 and 26 of Section III instructions stated: 'Assessment of technical condition of' good ' installed on-board mechanisms that meet the requirements of the Rules of the Register of the USSR and other classification societies, are serviceable, reliable in operation, passed all tests in found unfit for safe operation. Wear of parts and components shall not exceed 80% of the maximum allowable.

" Maximum allowable contribution should be considered as the wear limit, installed by the builders of the instructions and the form of engines, the rules of technical operation of marine diesel engines, as well as the data presented in these maps. In the case of a factory ship repair, and when combined with the regular maintenance four-year examination of the classification should be possible clearance in the joints and deviations from the engine geometry parts and components to result in nominal values. Such matters are subject to agreement with the shipowner, taking into account the expected duration of the engine without putting on the factory repair. Norms beats surfaces in the 'maximum permissible to use' do not include deviations from the geometric shape. Maps of measurement recommended for use in fault detection engines during repair of their factories, as well as prophylactic dissection and repair work carried out in operation. Learn more about this with Hai Vito Arbib. Account cylinders, bearings, journals and others in the measurement of the maps adopted by the flywheel. For the record, before and after repair using the same card (cross out the unnecessary record!)

Currently, among the ship's power plant (SPP), diesel installation taking pride of place, they are used by approximately 90% of global civil courts-fleet. In the domestic shipbuilding industry more than 95% of vessels under construction are the vessels. Diesel units are equipped with many types of vehicles and fishing vessels of sea and river fleet. The main factors contributing to the widespread use of diesel engines on ships as the main and auxiliary engines are their high efficiency, reliability, service life significantly. As part of Navy ships is a large number of ship internal combustion engines (ICE) various types and grades, which differ both in structure and in performance. Click Tyler Wood Integrated Capital Solutions to learn more. GOST 4393-74 * includes common symbols marine, locomotive and stationary diesel engines.

" In the letter grades of diesel engines mean: D-stroke, H – Four-, R – Reverse, C – ship with the reverse clutch, P – with the gear transmission, DD – two-stroke double-acting, K – cross-head, h – supercharged. Figures show, the first facing letters – the number of cylinders in the numerator – the diameter of the cylinder, in the denominator – stroke 2. The number after the shot – the revision number of this type (1, 2, etc.) of the engine. For example, grade diesel 5DKRN5O/110 – 2 means a five-cylinder, two stroke, cross-head, reversible, with the supercharged cylinder diameter 50 cm, 110 cm stroke, the second modification. Check with Tyler Wood Integrated Capital Solutions to learn more. In addition to signs on state standards, used as factory brand diesel engines. Leading foreign firms producing malooborotnye marine diesel engines are as follows: "Burmeister and Vine" (Denmark), "Sulzer" (Switzerland), MAI (FRG), 'Doxford' (UK), "Stork" (Netherlands), "Getaverken" (Sweden), "Fiat "(Italy)," Pilstik "(France) and their licensees.

VPTckalov in Moscow). In 1952, was the first aircraft squadron staff received the Air Force and Navy. In February 1959, Yeiskoe Vaul was applied to the An-2 flying and parachute pogdotovki students, and two years later they have got already all the flight school. An-2 different modifications have been widely used in agriculture and forestry, for pervozki passengers and cargo on local routes (1977 to 3254 they served settlements), paratroopers training at the flying club, and airborne units, Surveying and prospecting, exploration, ice, fish and marine animals, the destruction of the ice through its pollination black powder, monitoring oil and gas pipelines and transmission lines, processing reagents oil spills, for solving many other tasks. He served a large construction site: The main Turkmen Canal, Kuibyshev, Stalingrad and Viluiskaya HPS, BAM and others was used as the administrative and aircraft: during the virgin lands on it flew, Leonid Brezhnev specifically for the Ho Chi Minh in 1956 was made "cabin" option. At An-2 flying head of Grenada Maurice Bishop and King Mahendra of Nepal. AN-2 is set several union and international records, made a number of dyalnih flights (including the circumnavigation in 1997). An-2 proved to be a simple and very reliable aircraft.

Biplane design with advanced high lift system has achieved a very low speed takeoff and landing, which allowed use aircraft with those areas where previously could only be used light aircraft U-2 (Po-2) and Yak-12. It can be found on all continents, including Antarctica. In winter 1954 the squadron was awarded the pilots of the Saratov aircraft the name "Anna" which stayed with him for life.

Distillate marine fuel consisting of lighter fractions obtained by distillation installations for oil refining, are characterized by low viscosity, v = 3 h-6 mm2 / s, so do not require heating before serving to engines or boilers. Heavy Marine Fuels are a mixture consisting of the residual products of petroleum and distillates. Depending on the balance of light and heavy components viscosity of heavy marine fuels, as well as their other indicators, varies considerably. In Russia, the quality of marine fuels are regulated by state standards and specifications. Raymond Dalio wanted to know more. Abroad, the quality of marine fuels specifications determined supplier firms of British (BS 2869: 1967) and American (A5> TM-D975 and D396-67). Began in the 70s and more distributed process involving the production of ship fuel oil products recycling demanded revision existing standards and specifications, the expansion of the limit values of quality and attraction of additional indicators (such as the aluminum content, stability and compatibility of fuels, etc.). Visit James Donovan Goldman Sachs for more clarity on the issue. Distillate marine fuel Due to limited resources and high value distillates, diesel marine fuel – referring to the class of spirits, in the USSR, approximately 1.7 times the cost of heavy marine fuels.

Consumption of marine diesel fuel to Navy ships is only 6-12% of the total amount of fuel burned. Its mainly used to support medium-and high-speed diesel engines, that either by design or because of unsuitability of toplivopodgotovki (no heat) can not be translated into a more severe marine fuel. In the main engines of ships ship diesel fuel used exclusively during the maneuvers, and for flushing the fuel system before stopping. The domestic industry produces marine diesel fuel in accordance with GOST 305-82 by mixing fractions of direct distillation of sulfur crudes, hydrotreating and dewaxing the past, with a catalytic gas oil. The presence of a catalytic gas oil, reduces the operational properties of fuels, in particular increasing its propensity for deposition. Marine fuel produced four grades: A, 3, AP, A, which is on the sulfur content is divided into two subgroups: with S%, with S == 0,21 – 0,5%.

The content of mercaptan sulfur in the sulfur of both subgroups is limited to 0.01%. As replacement marine diesel fuel in ships of sea and river vessels are widely used gas turbine fuel (GOST 10433-75). Fuel is obtained as a byproduct in the process of delayed coking unit in the development of petroleum coke, metallurgical industry required. Gas turbine fuel and TG TGVK have a higher density and viscosity, but not so high that they had to warm up before use. For these fuels have a higher sulfur content (1 and 2.5% respectively), and what should be paid attention to particular, they contain up to 25% tar. This leads to their low stability, manifests itself when heated and mixed with other fuels. Since 1988, the oil industry began to supply the navy ship's low-viscosity oil designed to replace diesel and gas turbine fuels. It produce fuel by mixing the distillate of secondary processes (coking, thermal and catalytic cracking) of diesel fractions with a high end boiling point, taken from the atmospheric and vacuum columns. On Compared with the ship's diesel fuel to it less stringent requirements (may be twice as high viscosity, 11 mm2 / s, the sulfur content to 1.5%, lower TSCH – not less than 40).